Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic forced school closures globally, leading to significant learning regression in academic performance, skills, and ethical development. This study aims to: 1) synthesize and develop an adaptive micro-learning model based on Dhamma principles using mixed reality (MR), 2) compare pre-and post-test results, and 3) assess the model’s impact on students’ good citizenship. Participants included 19 experts and 39 Grade 6 students. The methodology involved synthesizing and developing an adaptive micro-learning model, comparing pre- and post-study scores, and evaluating academic achievement and good citizenship development. The study identified seven key steps in the adaptive micro-learning model: 1) testing prior knowledge (Dhammannuta), 2) reporting prior knowledge results (Atthanyuta), 3) explaining learning objectives (Attanyuta), 4) outlining the learning path (Mattanyuta), 5) video-based learning (Kalanyuta), 6) collaborative learning via MR (Parisanyuta), and 7) peer knowledge exchange (Pukkalanyuta). The model’s effectiveness was rated highly (x̅ = 4.78, S.D. = 0.34). Students’ good citizenship scores significantly improved, increasing from a pre-test average of 15.87 points (52.90%) to a post-test average of 25.72 points (85.73%), with statistical significance at the 0.01 level.

Kitiya Promsron, Prachyanun Nilsook & Pallop Piriyasurawong (2025)
Adaptive Micro-Learning Model Based on Dhamma Using Mixed
Reality to Develop Students to Be Good Citizens.
International Education Studies; Vol. 18, No. 2; 2025 ; pp. 123-136.
https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v18n2p123